If a crime has been committed the accused or defendant will be arrested by the police. The arrest is generally a result of the police witnessing a crime or investigative work that they have done. Prosecutors at the federal and state level can initiate the criminal process.
The defendant is protected at the federal and generally the state level with Constitutional protections. These rights include:
These Miranda Rights must also be read to the accused prior to questioning if they are being questioned in a police environment.
In order to place someone under arrest there must be probable cause to believe a person has engaged in illegal activity. Information regarding probable cause may be gathered by a variety of methods including surveillance, or the testimony of a police witness.
If probable cause is present a judge can issue either a search warrant or an arrest warrant. An arrest warrant can be issued to arrest a particular person for a particular crime. A search warrant can be issued for the search of business or person's home to look for particular illegal objects or activity. In certain circumstances a search warrant may not be needed for the police to conduct a search.
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